Adsorption of organic water pollutants by clays and clay minerals composites: A comprehensive review

Clays and clay minerals are inexpensive, non-toxic, naturally occurring that have been utilized in water remediation as adsorbents. However, clays those modified with heat, surfactants, acids, or organic-inorganic modifiers exhibit low adsorption capacity re-generation ability towards organic pollutants. The development of composites has gained considerable attention recent years due to their enhanced capacity, ease recovery from aqueous solution improved physiochemical properties relative raw minerals. This review aims assess literature on including bentonite, montmorillonite kaolinite intercalated carbonaceous, metals, metal oxides, chitosan polymeric materials appraise performance examines the effect composites' physicochemical evaluates mechanism well regeneration methods. also attempts highlight current progress this area by assessing outcomes recently published articles outline research gaps for future research.